Which of the following is NOT typically associated with a mortgage?

The concept of an indefeasible estate refers to a property right that cannot be taken away or defeated. It represents ownership of property that is secure and absolute, meaning the owner has the highest and most complete form of ownership recognized by law. In contrast, a mortgage is a financial arrangement that involves a borrower obtaining funds to purchase property, with the property itself serving as collateral for the loan. Therefore, the relationship created by a mortgage does not entail an indefeasible estate, as the lender holds the right to take possession of the property if the borrower defaults on their mortgage obligations.

On the other hand, an alienation clause is often included in mortgage agreements, allowing the lender to require full repayment of the loan if the property is sold or transferred without their consent. Hypothecation refers to pledging property as collateral while retaining ownership, and a pledge of property signifies that the borrower has agreed to use the property to secure the mortgage loan. These concepts are integral to the structure and mechanics of a mortgage, making them firmly associated with mortgage agreements, unlike an indefeasible estate.