Which document is essential for transferring ownership of real property?

The essential document for transferring ownership of real property is the deed. A deed serves as the legal instrument that conveys title from one party to another and is integral to the process of real estate transactions. It contains specific details including the identity of the parties involved, a description of the property, and is typically signed by the grantor (the party transferring the property).

Once a deed is executed and delivered, it communicates the intention to transfer ownership. Furthermore, for this transfer to be legally enforceable, the deed must be recorded in the public records, which protects the rights of the new owner against claims from third parties.

In contrast, a bill of sale pertains to the transfer of personal property and does not address real estate transactions. A lease agreement establishes the terms under which one party can use property owned by another but does not transfer ownership. A broker agreement outlines the relationship and terms between a real estate agent and their client, focusing on services provided rather than transferring property ownership. Therefore, the deed is the only document that explicitly conveys ownership rights in real property.