Net operating income is calculated by which of the following methods?

Net operating income (NOI) is a crucial metric in real estate that indicates the profitability of an income-producing property. It reflects the income generated from the property after accounting for operating expenses but before financing and tax costs.

To calculate NOI, effective gross income (EGI) is determined first, which represents the total income from the property after deducting vacancy and credit losses but before considering operating expenses. Once EGI is established, the next step is to subtract the total annual operating expenses associated with managing the property, such as property management fees, maintenance costs, property taxes, and insurance.

The formula can be summarized as:

Net Operating Income = Effective Gross Income - Operating Expenses.

This calculation provides a clear picture of the property’s ability to generate profit from its operations, making it a key indicator for investors assessing potential investments.

The other options pertain to different calculations not relevant to determining NOI. For instance, multiplying or dividing EGI by the cap rate relates to valuation methods rather than operational profitability, and subtracting market income from potential gross income does not align with the standard approach for calculating NOI.